INTRODUCTION:

The period of the first five years of life, was very sensitive to the environment, will be short-lived and cannot be repeated. At this age also tend to be known by the preschool age. Children of preschool age are in a critical period in which huge effect towards success in the process of growing flower that must be met by an adult (Shoshani et al., 2017). This growth can be seen growing in seven aspects, namely the motoric, cognitive, language, emotional, moral and spiritual personalities, as well as psychosocial. Seven aspects of this development an important part that must be considered in the development of the child.

One of the aspects of development that often complained of a parent is late to talk to their children. The response of the language in the development of children ages 3-4 years will exert influence on the concept of the self of the child, where the child is unable to tell you/speak well and normal, and when the child was made material inspections of others, then the child will experience the concept self malladaptif (description of the ideal self, and low self-esteem) (Shoshani, Slone, and Prino, 2017). The concept of a good self have to support or reinforcement to the child not to feel inferior when peers who ridicule or poke.

Motoric development of preschool age children will support or influence the child's personality adjustment included emotional personality, socializing and self concept in children (Charach, Mclennan, Bélanger, and Nixon, 2017). Other development aspects that must be considered are psychosocial. According to Erikson, psychosocial development in children of preschool age, better known as initiative vs. guilt. The initiative used to have and pursue a variety of objectives and also to suppress or delay a purpose. The goal should be inhibited will generate guilt or sense of sin (guilt) (Xing et al., 2017). Psychosocial aspects will affect other aspects of development in children. In other words, the seven aspects of this development will affect the growing flower child.

If these developments are not optimal, it will lead to disruption and greatly affect children's mental. Developmental disorders in children around the world are classified as high in United States ranged from 12-16%, Thailand 24%, 22% Argentina and Indonesia 13-18%. Developmental disorder that such delays in motoric skills, cognitive aspects, behavior and language. The prevalence of impaired mental development of children in Indonesia are likely to increase in the last six years (Cameron, Eagleson, Fox, Hensch, and Levitt, 2017).

The development is not optimal may lead to mental health problems. Some cases of psychiatric problems arise due to lack of attention and stimulation of the parents is given at the time of the children. It demonstrated several studies such as in China noted that the 75% of perpetrators of acts of violence in the adulthood caused by unnoticed as a child by his parents (Balseviciene, Sinkariova, Andrusaityte, and 2014). Meanwhile teenager in Australia a lot of criminal action and free sex and bullying at his school (Mills et al., 2013). In the United States, reported children with mental health problems as much as 13-20% during 1994-2011, and countries in Asia have 10-20% of children and teens who have experienced mental health problems (Nikolaev, Baranova, and Petunova, 2016). High number of mental health disorders in preschool-aged children can be overcome with effort increasing stimulation grow and flower child (Years, 2014). This is of concern in the field of mental health.

Early prevention efforts that can be done so that the number of mental health problems of preschool age children increased by not doing the stimulation to grow and development in the healthy child so that it can maintain the status of the child's mental health (Years, 2014). A mother should be able to give a stimulus to her children and will be very influential given from the age of 24 – 48 months (Kim, Shimomaeda, Giuliano, and Skowron, 2017). According to Hurlock, at the age of 3 to 4 years of physical maturity occurs in the brain and nervous system that can enhance motoric skills. If the maturity of the brain is accompanied by stimulation of the right, then the optimal development will be produced on the child (Hapsari, 2016). The grant supported by the stimulation of maternal knowledge about growing flower child so that the stimulation can be granted in accordance with the stage of development (Conference and Psychology, 2012). According to Murphy (2017) the process of granting this stimulation can also not indiscriminate because only four different stimulus that will be stored by the first child she has, the more believable, more fun and takes place continuously.

To overcome this, it takes the role of a nurse who can help mothers in providing knowledge in child development so that stimulated are more optimal. Mental health nursing through service should seek in the form of Community Mental Health Nursing (CMHN) can provide knowledge to the mother in stimulating child development (Damayanti, 2010). Nurses as part of health service need to approach community-based mental health care that are not just focused on disorders of the soul, but also to improve the quality of life of healthy communities (Years, 2014).

Efforts to improve the quality and expand the potential of the child, in line with the efforts of the construction area of West Sumatra against the younger generation in order not to fall into negative behavior such as prostitution, drugs and LGBT. Meanwhile, Padang Panjang which is known as the city of Mecca's Porch is focused on fostering the younger generation in the spiritual aspect. This can be seen from the city's education which has 4 boarding schools i.e. Boarding the porch of Mecca, Nurul sincere, Mountain Boarding and Muhammadiyah Thawalib, where children will get a deeper spiritual coaching. However, it is yet to be seen coaching at preschool age children.

Parents at Padang Panjang prefers to put their children to Paud and as an alternative to the first education so feel pretty and not too attentive to the child's development. Children are in more or less old and 3-4 hours a day. With a teacher who is not worth the number of pupils making the stimulation is not optimal in each child. So it needed the stimulation of mothers at home. Based on the results of observation and interviews the authors conducted August 2017 with 14 parents who have children ages 3-4 years in Padang Panjang said that they handed over the development of whole person to a kindergarten or a place child care. It encourages researchers to see the image of the mother against child development knowledge on aspects of psychosocial, language and motor in the city of Padang Panjang. The purpose of this research is to know the description of the mother's knowledge on the development of children ages 3-4 years on motor, language and psychosocial.

METHOD:

Research design:

The type of research used is descriptive analytics with approach method used is cross sectional. This study was conducted on mothers who have children aged 3-4 years in the city of Padang Panjang.

Sample Research:

Sample in this study using random sampling by taked cluster sampling and 80 respondents obtained from each region with inclusion criteria: (1) Willing to be respondents, (2) Have children aged 3-4 years in Padang Panjang, (3) Can read and write.

Research Ethics:

Before conducting data collection, the first researcher takes the ethics exam at Faculty of Medicine Andalas University of Padang. And researchers have passed the ethical exam with the number 127/KEP/FK/2018. Then the researcher requested written consent from the participants, including explanation of the research and conducted voluntary commitment from the participants. Participants have the option to accept or reject and all personal information is kept confidential.

RESULT:

Researchers analyze the data has been processed using univariate analysis. This analysis used because this research is looking for a picture of a single variable. The variables analyzed were used is variable variable characteristics and level of knowledge of respondents.

Table 1. Respondents Characteristic

Characteristic		Frequency (f)	%
Age	21-30	25	32.2
	31-40	49	61.2
	41-50	4	5
	51-60	2	2.5
TOTAL		80	100
Education	Unschool	-	-
	Basic Education	6	7.5
	Continuing Education	74	92.5
TOTAL		80	100
Work	Unwork	43	53.8
Work	Work	37	46.2
TOTAL		80	100

On table 1 demographic data obtained illustrate that the respondent is a mother who has children ages 3-4 years. Obtained with the age of respondents most aged 31-40 years i.e. 49 people (61.2%). Based on the educational characteristics of respondents 74 persons (92.5%) had an advanced education. And from the analysis of the data obtained, there are 43 respondents (53.8%) does not work. And of the 80 people respondents, 77 people (96.2%) have Minang tribes.

Table 2. An Overview of Mother Knowledge of Motor, Language and Psychosocial Aspects

Aspect		Frequency (f)	%
Motoric	Less	36	45
	Enough	44	55
	Good	-	-
Total		80	100
Language	Less	35	43, 8
	Enough	45	56, 2
	Good	-	-
Total		80	100
Psychosocial	Less	27	33, 8
	Enough	53	66, 2
	Good	-	-
Total		80	100

In table 2 illustrates an overview of the knowledge of the mother against child development motoric aspect of 44 people (55%) belong to enough. While the knowledge to the development aspects of the language that is quite rare among 45 people (56.2%). Psychosocial aspects of the mother in knowledge belongs to quite i.e. 53 people (66.2%).

DISCUSSION:

Based on table 1, obtained that most parents who have children 3-4 years 31-40 years old. Age greatly affects the power catch and mindset of the person. When a person's age increased, it will also capture increase power and patterns he thought. So the knowledge of individuals it would be getting better (Tremblay, 2015). The educational characteristics of respondents in the town of Padang Panjang, mostly well educated. Education is a guidance that directs a person towards a particular goal that determines the direction/someone to a specific goal to fill his life and reach salvation and happiness. A person who is educated is low, no possibility to have a good knowledge. Because knowledge can be obtained from a variety of media, such as TV, radio, newspapers and other. The higher education of a person, the easier it is for these people to receive information. Therefore education affect the learning process. The more incoming information or received by a person, the more did the knowledge acquired on a person in terms of health (Bhinnety, 2012).

The characteristics of jobs respondents in the town of Padang Panjang majority does not work. The work is an activity that must be undertaken primarily to support his life and family life. Jobs indirectly affect a person's level of knowledge. This is because the work is closely related to the interaction of social and cultural factors. While the social interaction and culture is closely connected with the process of information exchange. This will certainly affect a person's level of knowledge (Colombo and Bianchi, 2016).

Based on table 2, obtained an overview knowledge of parents regard aspects of the psychosocial, language and motoric skills. From the results of the data processing, knowledge of parents in each aspect of the motoric, language and psychosocial is enough. The mother's knowledge in various aspects of sorely needed in the process of child development. Motoric development is the development of motion control through physical activity on the nervous and muscle Center that coordinated. This age will be increased agility. Motoric development will support or influence the child's personality adjustment including emotional personality, socializing and self concept in children (Charach, Mclennan, Bélanger, and Nixon, 2017).

To help children reach the rugged and refined motoric skills, parents need to facilitate a child's play with the tools and means of supported the game to achieve the competency. If the child successfully, then given a compliment so that children feel appreciated so that her confidence increased (Korfmacher, 2014). In the meantime if the child has not yet succeeded in doing the expected skills, parents can motivate children to try again with still gives spirit and show support to the child (Years, 2014).

According to Sit (2017) parents can do some things in the motoric development of children namely invited activities jointly, gave positive comments on the child, convincing child able to do physical activity " as well as being a model in the development of the physical abilities of the child. Parents should understand and have knowledge about these things. So with the knowledge that the old especially mothers, can excite or stimulate the development of children for the better.

The mother's knowledge in aspects of language are indispensable especially for early childhood development. Each child talk rate varies depending on the competence of Neurology and cognitive development of children. Language development is characterized by the body language of a child. At the moment the ability talk to flourish, then the language body is diminished but not gone entirely (Fong, French, Rubin, and Wood, 2015; PsyD, Scott, Lakatos, and 2016). Cognitive Linguistics and structure evolved in parallel, the ability to speak, think and move helps child development in emotional, social dimension and the concept of self. The balance between the development is extremely important to the mental health of the child. Preschool age children language development showed progress very rapidly as a reflection of the function of brain development and kognitf.

The response of the language in this development will give the influence on children's self concept, where the children are unable to tell you/speak well and normal, and when the child was made material inspections of others, then the child will experience the concept of self malladaptif (self, the self image of the ideal and low self-esteem), therefore it needed support or reinforcement to the child so that the child does not feel inferior when peers who ridicule or poke a child (Shoshani, Slone, and Prino, 2017).

The knowledge must be owned by the mother of psychosocial at next aspect. According to Erikson, psychosocial development in children of preschool age, better known as initiative vs. guilt. The initiative used to have and pursue a variety of objectives and also to suppress or delay a purpose. The goal should be inhibited will generate guilt or sense of sin (guilt). The children have been studying what is prohibited, but his ambition is not limited so be aggressive and manipulative in a bid to achieve the goal. Excessive boldness (and breaking the norm), sexual fantasies and feelings of moral responsibility becomes guilt triggers. The conflict between the initiative and guilt became the dominant psychosocial crisis at age play (Xing et al., 2017).

The ratio between insiatif and guilt has to be balanced with more leaning to quality initiatives. When developing initiatives without guilt, riot and lack of moral principle as it will do at will. Conversely, if the guilt is dominant, the child will become a compulsive, moralistic or too restrained. When children feel unfettered because his feelings will hamper the objectives will be achieved and could be a source of patologik at the age of play (Randomized et al., 2017).

An overview of the knowledge of the mother in the town of Padang Panjang indeed belongs to pretty good. But it should be enhanced in order to achieve the keoptimalan so that the ease in seeing mother and stimulate the development of children ages 3-4 years.

CONCLUSION:

Description knowledge of mothers who have children ages 3-4 years in the town of Padang Panjang in motoric, language and aspects of psychosocial belongs to pretty good. However, it does need to be improved again for the sake of optimal child development. Because with a good knowledge of the mother will produce a good developmental stimulation on children aged 3-4 years.

ACKNOWLEDGMENT:

There are no sponsors in this research.

REFFERENCE:

1. Balseviciene, B., Sinkariova, L., and Andrusaityte, S. (2014). Do Green Spaces Matter ? The Associations Between Parenting Stress, Child Mental Health Problems And Green Spaces. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 511–516. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.462

2. Bhinnety, M. (2012). Struktur dan Proses Memori. Social Science and Medicine, 16(2), 74–88.

3. Cameron, X. J. L., Eagleson, K. L., Fox, N. A., Hensch, T. K., and Levitt, X. (2017). Social Origins of Developmental Risk for Mental and Physical Illness, 37(45), 10783–10791. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1822-17.2017

4. Damayanti, R. (2010). Pengaruh Terapi Kelompok Terapeutik terhadap Kemampuan Ibu dalam Memberikan Stimulasi Perkembangan Inisiatif Anak Usia Prasekolah di Kelurahan Kedaung Bandar Lampung 2010.

5. Enns, J., Holmqvist, M., Wener, P., Halas, G., Schultz, A., Goertzen, L., and Katz, A. (2016). Mapping interventions that promote mental health in the General Population: A scoping review of reviews. Preventive Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.02.022

6. Feil, E. G., Frey, A., Walker, H. M., Small, J. W., Seeley, J. R., Golly, A., and Forness, S. R. (2017). Preschool First Step to Success, 36(3), 151–170. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815114566090.The

7. Gwinner, K. (2016). Arts, therapy and health: Three stakeholder viewpoints related to young people’s mental health and wellbeing in Australia. The Arts in Psychotherapy. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2016.05.016

8. Kim, M. H., Shimomaeda, L., Giuliano, R. J., and Skowron, E. A. (2017). Journal of Experimental Child Intergenerational associations in executive function between mothers and children in the context of risk. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 164, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jecp.2017.07.002

9. Mills, R., Scott, J., Alati, R., Callaghan, M. O., Najman, J. M., and Strathearn, L. (2013). Child Abuse and Neglect Child maltreatment and adolescent mental health problems in a large birth cohort ଝ. Child Abuse and Neglect, 37(5), 292–302. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2012.11.008

10. Nikolaev, E. L., Baranova, E. A., and Petunova, S. A. (2016). Mental Health Problems in Young Children : the Role of Mothers ’ Coping and Parenting Styles and Characteristics of Family Functioning. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 233(May), 94–99. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.152

11. Nugter, M. A., and Engelsbel, F. (2015). Outcomes of FLEXIBLE Assertive Community Treatment (FACT) Implementation : A Prospective Real Life Study. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597-015-9831-2

12. Shoshani, A., Slone, M., and Prino, L. E. (2017). Positive Education for Young Children : Effects of a Positive Psychology Intervention for Preschool Children on Subjective Well Being and Learning Behaviors, 8(October), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01866

13. Spielfogel, J. E., Leathers, S. J., Christian, E., and Mcmeel, L. S. (2011). Children and Youth Services Review Parent management training, relationships with agency staff, and child mental health : Urban foster parents â€TM perspectives ☆. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2366–2374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.08.008

14. Ur, A., and Govt, R. (2016). Mothers’ Knowledge about Child Development, (September).

15. Xing, S., Gao, X., Song, X., Archer, M., Zhao, D., and Zhang, M. (2017). Chinese Preschool Children’s Socioemotional Development :The Effects of Maternal and Paternal Psychological Control, 8(October), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01818

16. Years, I. (2014). Promoting Early Childhood Mental Health.

Received on 12.06.2018 Modified on 28.06.2018

Int. J. Nur. Edu. and Research. 2019; 7(1): 10-14.

DOI: 10.5958/2454-2660.2019.00003.6